TY - JOUR
T1 - Standardization and validation of real time PCR assays for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis using three molecular targets in an animal model
AU - López, Luisa F.
AU - Muñoz, César O.
AU - Cáceres, Diego H.
AU - Tobón, Ángela M.
AU - Loparev, Vladimir
AU - Clay, Oliver
AU - Chiller, Tom
AU - Litvintseva, Anastasia
AU - Gade, Lalitha
AU - González, Ángel
AU - Gómez, Beatriz L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Colciencias (Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación), Bogotá, Colombia, Project code number 221356933625 to BLG; Fondo de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Rosario (FIUR), Bogotá, Colombia, code DVG154 to BLG; Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación (CODI) of Universidad de Antioquia through the Sustainability Strategy Program 2016-2017 and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC, Atlanta, USA, and the IMMY Company, Norman, Oklahoma, USA for a travel grant for the student supporting our project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
PY - 2017/12/29
Y1 - 2017/12/29
N2 - Histoplasmosis is considered one of the most important endemic and systemic mycoses worldwide. Until now few molecular techniques have been developed for its diagnosis. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate three real time PCR (qPCR) protocols for different protein-coding genes (100-kDa, H and M antigens) using an animal model. Fresh and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues from BALB/c mice inoculated i.n. with 2.5x106 Histoplasma capsulatum yeast or PBS were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-infection. A collection of DNA from cultures representing different clades of H. capsulatum (30 strains) and other medically relevant pathogens (36 strains of related fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) were used to analyze sensitivity and specificity. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were 100% when DNAs from the different strains were tested. The highest fungal burden occurred at first week post-infection and complete fungal clearance was observed after the third week; similar results were obtained when the presence of H. capsulatum yeast cells was demonstrated in histopathological analysis. In the first week post-infection, all fresh and FFPE lung tissues from H. capsulatum-infected animals were positive for the qPCR protocols tested except for the M antigen protocol, which gave variable results when fresh lung tissue samples were analyzed. In the second week, all qPCR protocols showed variable results for both fresh and FFPE tissues. Samples from the infected mice at the remaining times post-infection and uninfected mice (controls) were negative for all protocols. Good agreement was observed between CFUs, histopathological analysis and qPCR results for the 100-kDa and H antigen protocols. We successfully standardized and validated three qPCR assays for detecting H. capsulatum DNA in fresh and FFPE tissues, and conclude that the 100-kDa and H antigen molecular assays are promising tests for diagnosing this mycosis.
AB - Histoplasmosis is considered one of the most important endemic and systemic mycoses worldwide. Until now few molecular techniques have been developed for its diagnosis. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate three real time PCR (qPCR) protocols for different protein-coding genes (100-kDa, H and M antigens) using an animal model. Fresh and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues from BALB/c mice inoculated i.n. with 2.5x106 Histoplasma capsulatum yeast or PBS were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-infection. A collection of DNA from cultures representing different clades of H. capsulatum (30 strains) and other medically relevant pathogens (36 strains of related fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) were used to analyze sensitivity and specificity. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were 100% when DNAs from the different strains were tested. The highest fungal burden occurred at first week post-infection and complete fungal clearance was observed after the third week; similar results were obtained when the presence of H. capsulatum yeast cells was demonstrated in histopathological analysis. In the first week post-infection, all fresh and FFPE lung tissues from H. capsulatum-infected animals were positive for the qPCR protocols tested except for the M antigen protocol, which gave variable results when fresh lung tissue samples were analyzed. In the second week, all qPCR protocols showed variable results for both fresh and FFPE tissues. Samples from the infected mice at the remaining times post-infection and uninfected mice (controls) were negative for all protocols. Good agreement was observed between CFUs, histopathological analysis and qPCR results for the 100-kDa and H antigen protocols. We successfully standardized and validated three qPCR assays for detecting H. capsulatum DNA in fresh and FFPE tissues, and conclude that the 100-kDa and H antigen molecular assays are promising tests for diagnosing this mycosis.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85039851390&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85039851390&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0190311
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0190311
M3 - Article
C2 - 29287097
AN - SCOPUS:85039851390
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - PLOS ONE
JF - PLOS ONE
IS - 12
M1 - e0190311
ER -
