TY - JOUR
T1 - Trend Pattern of Heavy and Intense Rainfall Events in Colombia from 1981-2018
T2 - A Trend-EOF Approach
AU - Cerón, Wilmar L.
AU - Andreoli, Rita V.
AU - Kayano, Mary T.
AU - Canchala, Teresita
AU - Ocampo-Marulanda, Camilo
AU - Avila-Diaz, Alvaro
AU - Antunes, Jean
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to the Universidad del Valle, Fundación Universitaria de San Gil and Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales—UDCA. The authors wish to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the supported receiving during the research. We are thankful to the research groups TERRITORIOS of the Universidad del Valle. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
Funding Information:
Funding: The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) of Brazil partially supported the second and third authors under grants 305611/2019-4 and 302322/2017-5, respectively. Seventh author was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES) (Finance Code 001).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - The Andes mountain range divides Colombia into various climatic regions over the country, as the Andean, Caribbean, Pacific, Amazon, and Orinoco regions. Given this scenario, knowing the current change in total precipitation and their extremes values are relevant. In this study, the main goal is to assess the spatio-temporal trends of heavy and intense rainfall at a seasonal scale during the last 38 years (1981-2018) using the trend empirical orthogonal function (TEOF). An increase in maximum precipitation during five consecutive days (RX5day), Simple daily intensity index (SDII), and the number of days with precipitation above 20 mm (R20mm) and 30 mm (R30mm) during December-February and March-May was observed in most of the Colombian territory, except for the Amazon region for RX5day. A decrease in total rainfall in June-August was observed in the Andean, the Caribbean, and southern Pacific regions, while, in the northern Pacific, it increased, consistent with the trend patterns of RX5day, SDII, and R20mm. During September-November, there was a reduction in rainfall in the Amazon region and the South Pacific, and an increase in RX5day, SDII, R20mm, and R30mm in the Andean, the Caribbean, and North Pacific regions. The TEOF showed more pronounced spatial trend patterns than those obtained with the traditional Mann-Kendall test. The findings offer a better understanding of the climate extremes impacts in tropical latitudes and help planners to implement measures against the future effects of climate change.
AB - The Andes mountain range divides Colombia into various climatic regions over the country, as the Andean, Caribbean, Pacific, Amazon, and Orinoco regions. Given this scenario, knowing the current change in total precipitation and their extremes values are relevant. In this study, the main goal is to assess the spatio-temporal trends of heavy and intense rainfall at a seasonal scale during the last 38 years (1981-2018) using the trend empirical orthogonal function (TEOF). An increase in maximum precipitation during five consecutive days (RX5day), Simple daily intensity index (SDII), and the number of days with precipitation above 20 mm (R20mm) and 30 mm (R30mm) during December-February and March-May was observed in most of the Colombian territory, except for the Amazon region for RX5day. A decrease in total rainfall in June-August was observed in the Andean, the Caribbean, and southern Pacific regions, while, in the northern Pacific, it increased, consistent with the trend patterns of RX5day, SDII, and R20mm. During September-November, there was a reduction in rainfall in the Amazon region and the South Pacific, and an increase in RX5day, SDII, R20mm, and R30mm in the Andean, the Caribbean, and North Pacific regions. The TEOF showed more pronounced spatial trend patterns than those obtained with the traditional Mann-Kendall test. The findings offer a better understanding of the climate extremes impacts in tropical latitudes and help planners to implement measures against the future effects of climate change.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85123523149&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/atmos13020156
DO - 10.3390/atmos13020156
M3 - Research Article
AN - SCOPUS:85123523149
SN - 0705-5900
VL - 13
JO - ATMOSPHERE
JF - ATMOSPHERE
IS - 2
M1 - 156
ER -
