Riesgos biomecánicos asociados al desorden músculo-esquelético en pacientes del régimen contributivo que consultan a un centro ambulatorio en Madrid, Cundinamarca, Colombia

The musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) associated with employment accounts for 82% of occupational diseases in Colombia. Occupational exposure may be a trigger agent through employment repetitive motions, heavy lifting, and static postures. Objective: To determine the distribution and association between biomechanical risk factors in workers with MSD by anatomic segment. Materials and methods: A survey (questionnaire) on working conditions and health to 299 workers in a cross-sectional study was applied. Results: The distribution of MSD was higher in the upper segment (59.5%) followed by the back (27.8%) and in females (75.3%). The risk factors major exposures were to be stand (94%) and repetitive motions (91.6%). Factors associated in the back and lower extremities MSD were heavy lifting (p < 0.001), conduct force (p = 0.012) and work in comfort (p = 0.036), in the upper segment, the repetitive motion (p = 0.001). The largest joint association of repetitive movements (OR = 1.563 CI 95% 1.094 to 2.232) was established in the upper segment of DME compared to the lower. For the back, heavy lifting (OR = 1.549 CI 95% 1.228 to 1.954) compared with the upper segment as when compared with the lower (OR = 1.160 CI 95% 0.828 to 1.627). Conclusions: The segment most frequently linked with MSD was the upper extremity, which is associated with the repetitive motion and the female gender; followed by the back associated with heavy lifting and male gender.