Resistencia y retroceso (backlash) contra las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: estudio de 11casos de reacciones de los Estados a la autoridad del tribunal y la recusación de jueces en el caso Bedoya Lima

This article studies the behavior of resistance and backlash against the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, its effects on the authority of the Court and the means chosen by the States to oppose the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The article proposes an adaptation to the Inter-American System of the categories of resistance and backlash, used to study other international courts and tribunals, that accounts for the legality or illegality of conducts that oppose the effectiveness of the system from the viewpoint of rights and prerogatives that the States have in the American Convention. Subsequently, the article studies 11 cases of opposition to the Inter-American System. It classifies them according to the legality of the means used by the States, ranging from abusing procedural rights to wrongfully invoking their constitutional law to avoid their international obligations. Finally, the article analyzes the legality, procedure, and effects of the acts of recusation of judges recently carried out by the Colombian agents in the Bedoya Lima case and proposes categorizing them according to their consequences in the authority of the Inter-American system.