TY - JOUR
T1 - Ethnography of a parasite
T2 - A quantitative ethnographic observation of forest malaria in the Amazon basin
AU - Feged-Rivadeneira, Alejandro
AU - Evans, Sian
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Stanford University, the Zaffaroni family and the Morrison Institute for their financial support. We would also like to thank Alison Maassen and Ariel Domlyn for their contributions as research assistants in San Jos? del Guaviare, in particular Alison?s contributions to our understanding of N?kak family trees during the first phase of the ethnographic work. Most importantly, we are grateful to the N?kak for receiving us in their community and sharing their time with us. We hope this document will contribute to the understanding and mitigation of their ails. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) 2018.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Aims: Malaria in the Amazon basin is persistently more prevalent among low density populations (1–4 people/km2). Describing malaria transmission in small populations, such as ethnic minorities in the Amazon basin, living in reserves in groups that amount to 110–450 individuals, is fundamental for the implementation of adequate interventions. Here, we examine malaria transmission in a context of high prevalence in a small population of Nükak ethnicity (ethnic group n = 400 − 650 individuals, study group, n=108 individuals) living in the peri-urban area of a city with 35,000 inhabitants in the Amazon basin. Methods: Using methods from behavioral ecology, we conducted a quantitative ethnography and collected data to inform of individual behavioral profiles. Individual malarial infection reports were available from the local public health offices, so each behavioral profile was associated with an epidemic profile for the past 5 years. Results: Our research shows that, in-line with current opinion, malaria among the Nükak is not associated with an occupational hazard risk and follows a holoendemic pattern, where children are most susceptible to the parasite. Parasite loads of malarial infection among the Nükak persist at much higher rates than in any other neighboring ethnicity, which indicates an association between high incidence rates and endemicity. Conclusions: We hypothesize that malarial infection in the forest follows a pattern where the parasite persists in pockets of holoendemicity, and occupational hazard risk for individuals outside those pockets is associated with behaviors that take place in the proximity of the pockets of endemicity.
AB - Aims: Malaria in the Amazon basin is persistently more prevalent among low density populations (1–4 people/km2). Describing malaria transmission in small populations, such as ethnic minorities in the Amazon basin, living in reserves in groups that amount to 110–450 individuals, is fundamental for the implementation of adequate interventions. Here, we examine malaria transmission in a context of high prevalence in a small population of Nükak ethnicity (ethnic group n = 400 − 650 individuals, study group, n=108 individuals) living in the peri-urban area of a city with 35,000 inhabitants in the Amazon basin. Methods: Using methods from behavioral ecology, we conducted a quantitative ethnography and collected data to inform of individual behavioral profiles. Individual malarial infection reports were available from the local public health offices, so each behavioral profile was associated with an epidemic profile for the past 5 years. Results: Our research shows that, in-line with current opinion, malaria among the Nükak is not associated with an occupational hazard risk and follows a holoendemic pattern, where children are most susceptible to the parasite. Parasite loads of malarial infection among the Nükak persist at much higher rates than in any other neighboring ethnicity, which indicates an association between high incidence rates and endemicity. Conclusions: We hypothesize that malarial infection in the forest follows a pattern where the parasite persists in pockets of holoendemicity, and occupational hazard risk for individuals outside those pockets is associated with behaviors that take place in the proximity of the pockets of endemicity.
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U2 - 10.1177/1403494818756561
DO - 10.1177/1403494818756561
M3 - Research Article
C2 - 29783880
AN - SCOPUS:85047412580
SN - 1403-4948
VL - 47
SP - 820
EP - 831
JO - Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
JF - Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
IS - 8
ER -