Cuidado nutricional en el tratamiento de la diabetes gestacional: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Background: The gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent morbidity in pregnant and it is indispensable to have an adequate nutritional care in order to prevent several complications. The principal object is present a systematic review in which nutritional or dietary strategies are related to nutritional care to pregnant diabetes mellitus treatment. Methods: For this, a literature review was performed in the following database and grey literature to complete. The research was limited to English and Spanish publications, in a period between 2007 and 2017, with results observed on pregnant women and in which it had been observed a relationship between pathology and nutritional care. Results: Studies show that low-glycemic diets or the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) are strategies that show benefits in the treatment of GDM, since better results of glycemia, lipid profile, among other aspects are observed. Conclusions: An adequate nutritional care is essential in the treatment of GDM, as it was demonstrated that there are nutritional and dietary strategies that improve maternal metabolic parameters and neonatal outcomes. In addition, it is a tool that prevents the development of other complications such as preeclampsia.