The Dynamics of Implicit Intergroup Biases of Victims and Ex-combatants in Post-conflict Scenarios

Sandra Baez; Natalia Trujillo; Esteban Hurtado; Alejandra Ortiz-Ayala; Monica Rodríguez Calvache; Rafael Camilo Quishpe; Agustin Ibanez

doi:10.1177/0886260520983258

The Dynamics of Implicit Intergroup Biases of Victims and Ex-combatants in Post-conflict Scenarios

Título traducido de la contribución: La dinámica de los prejuicios intergrupales implícitos de víctimas y excombatientes en escenarios posconflicto

Sandra Baez, Natalia Trujillo, Esteban Hurtado, Alejandra Ortiz-Ayala, Monica Rodríguez Calvache, Rafael Camilo Quishpe, Agustin Ibanez

Facultad de Jurisprudencia

Producción científica: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

3 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

Las fuertes identidades de grupo surgen en escenarios de conflicto intergrupal y perpetúan la violencia sectaria incluso en escenarios post-conflicto. En concreto, las asociaciones implícitas negativas hacia el grupo exterior son predictores de una disminución del perdón intergrupal, así como de un aumento de la desconfianza y la agresión contra el grupo exterior. Por lo tanto, la presencia de prejuicios implícitos intergrupales (es decir, excombatientes y víctimas) parece ser un factor relevante en escenarios post-conflicto. En este caso, nuestro objetivo era explorar si los prejuicios negativos hacia el grupo exterior se ven potenciados por (a) la exposición previa a la violencia del conflicto o (b) la identificación con un grupo armado violento. Ciento veintiocho participantes, 65 excombatientes de la guerrilla colombiana y 63 víctimas del conflicto armado, fueron evaluados con una versión modificada del test de asociación implícita (IAT). Nuestros resultados revelaron que el grupo de víctimas mostró un sesgo negativo significativo contra los excombatientes. Sin embargo, no se observó ningún sesgo hacia el grupo externo (es decir, las víctimas) ni favoritismo hacia el grupo interno en el grupo de excombatientes. Del mismo modo, descubrimos que las puntuaciones del IAT no estaban asociadas con variables sociodemográficas (es decir, sexo, años de educación o tipo de vivienda), los niveles de exposición al combate, las experiencias de victimización relacionadas con conflictos armados o los antecedentes de maltrato infantil. Nuestros resultados mostraron una inesperada falta de sesgo hacia el interior del grupo en los excombatientes, potencialmente desencadenada por el efecto de los actuales procesos de desmovilización y reintegración. Así, las asociaciones negativas con el grupo externo persistirán en el marco de la condena social del grupo externo. En cambio, estos prejuicios negativos tenderán a abolirse cuando entren en conflicto con procesos de reintegración social más amplios.

Título traducido de la contribución	La dinámica de los prejuicios intergrupales implícitos de víctimas y excombatientes en escenarios posconflicto
Idioma original	Inglés estadounidense
Publicación	Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Volumen	37
N.º	11-12
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520983258
Estado	Publicación electrónica previa a su impresión - dic. 18 2020

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Psicología clínica
Psicología aplicada

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title = "The Dynamics of Implicit Intergroup Biases of Victims and Ex-combatants in Post-conflict Scenarios",

abstract = "Strong group identities arise in intergroup conflict scenarios and perpetuate sectarian violence even in post-conflict scenarios. In particular, out-group negative implicit associations are predictors of decreased intergroup forgiveness, as well as increased distrust and aggression against the out-group. Thus, the presence of implicit intergroup (i.e., ex-combatants and victims) biases seems to be a relevant factor in post-conflict scenarios. Here, we aimed to explore whether negative biases toward the out-group are boosted by (a) previous exposure to conflict violence or (b) identification with an armed violent group. One hundred and twenty-eight participants, 65 ex-combatants from Colombian guerrillas and 63 victims of the armed conflict, were assessed with a modified version of the implicit association test (IAT). Our results revealed that the victim group showed a significant negative bias against ex-combatants. However, no bias toward the out-group (i.e., victims) or in-group favoritism was observed in the ex-combatant group. Similarly, we found that IAT scores were not associated with sociodemographical variables (i.e., sex, years of education, or type of dwelling), the levels of combat exposure, victimization armed-conflict-related experiences, or child abuse antecedents. Our results showed an unexpected lack of in-group bias in ex-combatants, potentially triggered by the effect of current demobilization and reintegration processes. Thus, negative associations with the out-group will persist in the framework of societal condemnation of the out-group. In contrast, these negative biases will tend to be abolished when entering in conflict with larger societal reintegration processes. The results reinforce the idea that reintegration may benefit from interventions at the societal level, including all actors of the conflict. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of implementing victim interventions aimed at reducing stigma and revengeful actions in spaces of collective disarmament.",

author = "Sandra Baez and Natalia Trujillo and Esteban Hurtado and Alejandra Ortiz-Ayala and Calvache, {Monica Rodr{\'i}guez} and Quishpe, {Rafael Camilo} and Agustin Ibanez",

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AU - Hurtado, Esteban

AU - Ortiz-Ayala, Alejandra

AU - Calvache, Monica Rodríguez

AU - Quishpe, Rafael Camilo

AU - Ibanez, Agustin

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The Dynamics of Implicit Intergroup Biases of Victims and Ex-combatants in Post-conflict Scenarios

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