Miocene paleogeography of northwest Colombia: A review of the sedimentary and magmatic evolution of the Amagá Basin a century after Grosse’s work

In 1918, the geologist Emile Grosse was commissioned to conduct geological studies in the Amagá Basin, Antioquia, Colombia. In 1923, Grosse finished a comprehensive cartographic work that became the cornerstone for the geology of the northwest (NW) Colombian Andes. Today, 100 years later, the volcanoclastic strata preserved in the Amagá Basin are crucial for understanding major Oligocene to Pliocene tectonic events that occurred in the NW South-American margin, including the fragmentation of the Nazca Plate, the collision of the Panamá-Chocó Block, and the shallowing of the subducted slab. Our contribution includes new mineral chemistry and zircon petrochronological data from the Combia Volcanic Complex and published data to provide a review of the Oligocene to Pliocene deformation, sedimentation, and magmatic patterns in the Amagá Basin and their implications for the tectonic evolution of NW South America. The Amagá Basin was the result of the Eocene to Oligocene uplift of the Western Cordillera followed by the Middle Miocene to Pliocene uplift of both the Central and Western cordilleras, events that modified the Miocene drainage network in the Northern Andes. Coeval with the final Miocene deformation phases in the Amagá basin, the magmatism of the Combia Complex was the result of subduction magmas emplaced in a continental crust affected by strike-slip tectonics.