Micronuclei, Pesticides, and Element Mixtures in Mining Contexts: The Hormetic Effect of Selenium

Marcela Varona; Leonardo Briceno Ayala; Carlos Enrique Trillos Pena; Ruth Marien Palma; Eliana  Tellez; Sonia Díaz; Karina Pastor; Lyda Espitia

doi:10.3390/toxics11100821

Micronuclei, Pesticides, and Element Mixtures in Mining Contexts: The Hormetic Effect of Selenium

Título traducido de la contribución: Micronúcleos, pesticidas y mezclas de elementos en contextos mineros: el efecto hormético del selenio

Marcela Varona, Leonardo Briceno Ayala, Carlos Enrique Trillos Pena, Ruth Marien Palma, Eliana Tellez, Sonia Díaz, Karina Pastor, Lyda Espitia

Producción científica: Contribución a una revista › Artículo de Investigación › revisión exhaustiva

2 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

Los contextos donde se desarrollan actividades mineras y agrícolas son fuentes potenciales de riesgo para la salud humana por contaminación por mezclas químicas. Estos contextos son frecuentes en varias regiones de Colombia. Este estudio exploró la potencial asociación entre la frecuencia de micronúcleos y pesticidas y elementos en regiones con minería de ferroníquel (Montelibano, Córdoba) y oro (Nechí, Antioquia), y una mina cerrada de mercurio nativo (Aranzazu, Caldas), con énfasis en la Efecto potencial del selenio como quelante potencial. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 247 individuos. Se determinaron variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales y toxicológicas. Se tomaron muestras de sangre y orina para análisis de plaguicidas (5 organofosforados, 4 organoclorados y 3 carbamatos), se cuantificaron 68 elementos en cabello y micronúcleos en linfocitos. Las mezclas de elementos se agruparon mediante análisis de componentes principales. Los índices de prevalencia se estimaron con regresiones de Poisson de varianza robusta para explorar asociaciones. Se exploraron las interacciones del selenio con elementos tóxicos. Las mayores concentraciones de elementos se encontraban en las minas activas. La mezcla química potencialmente más tóxica se observó en la mina de ferroníquel. Se detectaron pesticidas en una proporción baja de participantes (<2,5%), excepto paraoxón-metilo en sangre (27,55%) en Montelíbano y paraoxón-etilo en sangre (18,81%) en Aranzazu. La frecuencia de micronúcleos fue similar en los tres contextos mineros, con medias entre 4 a 7 ( p = 0,1298). Hubo gran heterogeneidad en la exposición a pesticidas y elementos. Se describió el “efecto hormético” del selenio, en el que en dosis bajas actúa como quelante en Montelíbano y Aranzazu, y en dosis altas puede potenciar los efectos tóxicos de otros elementos, tal vez como en Nechí. El selenio puede servir como agente protector, pero requiere adaptación a las concentraciones disponibles en cada región para evitar sus efectos tóxicos.

Título traducido de la contribución	Micronúcleos, pesticidas y mezclas de elementos en contextos mineros: el efecto hormético del selenio
Idioma original	Inglés estadounidense
Número de artículo	821
Número de páginas	25
Publicación	Toxics
Volumen	11
N.º	10
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100821
Estado	Publicada - sep. 29 2023

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@article{3c500c93179d44758fa092b55ad49807,

title = "Micronuclei, Pesticides, and Element Mixtures in Mining Contexts: The Hormetic Effect of Selenium",

abstract = "The contexts where there are mining and agriculture activities are potential sources of risk to human health due to contamination by chemical mixtures. These contexts are frequent in several Colombian regions. This study explored the potential association between the frequency of micronuclei and pesticides and elements in regions with ferronickel (Montelibano, C{\'o}rdoba) and gold (Nech{\'i}, Antioquia) mining, and a closed native mercury mine (Aranzazu, Caldas), with an emphasis in the potential effect of selenium as a potential chelator. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 247 individuals. Sociodemographic, occupational, and toxicological variables were ascertained. Blood and urine samples were taken for pesticide analysis (5 organophosphates, 4 organochlorines, and 3 carbamates), 68 elements were quantified in hair, and micronuclei were quantified in lymphocytes. The mixtures of elements were grouped through principal component analysis. Prevalence ratios were estimated with robust variance Poisson regressions to explore associations. Interactions of selenium with toxic elements were explored. The highest concentrations of elements were in the active mines. The potentially most toxic chemical mixture was observed in the ferronickel mine. Pesticides were detected in a low proportion of participants (<2.5%), except paraoxon-methyl in blood (27.55%) in Montelibano and paraoxon-ethyl in blood (18.81%) in Aranzazu. The frequency of micronuclei was similar in the three mining contexts, with means between 4 to 7 (p = 0.1298). There was great heterogeneity in the exposure to pesticides and elements. The “hormetic effect” of selenium was described, in which, at low doses, it acts as a chelator in Montelibano and Aranzazu, and at high doses, it can enhance the toxic effects of other elements, maybe as in Nech{\'i}. Selenium can serve as a protective agent, but it requires adaptation to the available concentrations in each region to avoid its toxic effects.",

author = "Marcela Varona and {Briceno Ayala}, Leonardo and {Trillos Pena}, {Carlos Enrique} and Palma, {Ruth Marien} and Eliana Tellez and Sonia D{\'i}az and Karina Pastor and Lyda Espitia",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "29",

doi = "10.3390/toxics11100821",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "11",

journal = "Toxics",

issn = "2305-6304",

publisher = "MDPI AG",

number = "10",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Micronuclei, Pesticides, and Element Mixtures in Mining Contexts: The Hormetic Effect of Selenium

AU - Varona, Marcela

AU - Briceno Ayala, Leonardo

AU - Trillos Pena, Carlos Enrique

AU - Palma, Ruth Marien

AU - Tellez, Eliana

AU - Díaz, Sonia

AU - Pastor, Karina

AU - Espitia, Lyda

PY - 2023/9/29

Y1 - 2023/9/29

N2 - The contexts where there are mining and agriculture activities are potential sources of risk to human health due to contamination by chemical mixtures. These contexts are frequent in several Colombian regions. This study explored the potential association between the frequency of micronuclei and pesticides and elements in regions with ferronickel (Montelibano, Córdoba) and gold (Nechí, Antioquia) mining, and a closed native mercury mine (Aranzazu, Caldas), with an emphasis in the potential effect of selenium as a potential chelator. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 247 individuals. Sociodemographic, occupational, and toxicological variables were ascertained. Blood and urine samples were taken for pesticide analysis (5 organophosphates, 4 organochlorines, and 3 carbamates), 68 elements were quantified in hair, and micronuclei were quantified in lymphocytes. The mixtures of elements were grouped through principal component analysis. Prevalence ratios were estimated with robust variance Poisson regressions to explore associations. Interactions of selenium with toxic elements were explored. The highest concentrations of elements were in the active mines. The potentially most toxic chemical mixture was observed in the ferronickel mine. Pesticides were detected in a low proportion of participants (<2.5%), except paraoxon-methyl in blood (27.55%) in Montelibano and paraoxon-ethyl in blood (18.81%) in Aranzazu. The frequency of micronuclei was similar in the three mining contexts, with means between 4 to 7 (p = 0.1298). There was great heterogeneity in the exposure to pesticides and elements. The “hormetic effect” of selenium was described, in which, at low doses, it acts as a chelator in Montelibano and Aranzazu, and at high doses, it can enhance the toxic effects of other elements, maybe as in Nechí. Selenium can serve as a protective agent, but it requires adaptation to the available concentrations in each region to avoid its toxic effects.

AB - The contexts where there are mining and agriculture activities are potential sources of risk to human health due to contamination by chemical mixtures. These contexts are frequent in several Colombian regions. This study explored the potential association between the frequency of micronuclei and pesticides and elements in regions with ferronickel (Montelibano, Córdoba) and gold (Nechí, Antioquia) mining, and a closed native mercury mine (Aranzazu, Caldas), with an emphasis in the potential effect of selenium as a potential chelator. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 247 individuals. Sociodemographic, occupational, and toxicological variables were ascertained. Blood and urine samples were taken for pesticide analysis (5 organophosphates, 4 organochlorines, and 3 carbamates), 68 elements were quantified in hair, and micronuclei were quantified in lymphocytes. The mixtures of elements were grouped through principal component analysis. Prevalence ratios were estimated with robust variance Poisson regressions to explore associations. Interactions of selenium with toxic elements were explored. The highest concentrations of elements were in the active mines. The potentially most toxic chemical mixture was observed in the ferronickel mine. Pesticides were detected in a low proportion of participants (<2.5%), except paraoxon-methyl in blood (27.55%) in Montelibano and paraoxon-ethyl in blood (18.81%) in Aranzazu. The frequency of micronuclei was similar in the three mining contexts, with means between 4 to 7 (p = 0.1298). There was great heterogeneity in the exposure to pesticides and elements. The “hormetic effect” of selenium was described, in which, at low doses, it acts as a chelator in Montelibano and Aranzazu, and at high doses, it can enhance the toxic effects of other elements, maybe as in Nechí. Selenium can serve as a protective agent, but it requires adaptation to the available concentrations in each region to avoid its toxic effects.

U2 - 10.3390/toxics11100821

DO - 10.3390/toxics11100821

M3 - Research Article

C2 - 37888671

SN - 2305-6304

VL - 11

JO - Toxics

JF - Toxics

IS - 10

M1 - 821

ER -

Micronuclei, Pesticides, and Element Mixtures in Mining Contexts: The Hormetic Effect of Selenium

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