South America

This chapter focuses on ‘cartel law in practice’ with respect to South America. It examines the cartel law of eleven national jurisdictions and one supranational jurisdiction. After presenting an overview of the antitrust enforcement systems in South America, it characterises and classifies the type of authorities that enforce competition laws in South America. It then surveys how competition laws prohibit cartels, including both hard-core cartels and other forms of anticompetitive agreements by competitors. It then explores the diverse trajectories of cartel prosecution by South American competition agencies, before suggesting important futures avenues of research