Reflexiones sobre la estigmatización de la epilepsia a través de la historia

Epilepsy is a neurological disease, common in the general population, in different age groups, described since ancient times. From ancient civilizations to the contemporary age, this disease has had multiple explanations that include magical-religious interpretations, focusing specifically on demonological ones, to neurophysiological ones, which recognized the neurological origin of epilepsy. Its various presentations in which motor, behavioral and psychological alterations are typical have given rise to the stigmatization of epilepsy and those who develop it. This stigmatization has triggered discrimination and social isolation, reinforcing the segregation of these people. The objective of this review was to describe the stigmatization of epilepsy throughout history. The reflection develops around the neuropsychiatric manifestations of epilepsy, the processes of stigma (both enacted, felt or internalized) and stigmatization, covering the past and present of these. The results of this reflection confirm that the process of social discrimination of people with a diagnosis of epilepsy has gone through history and continues even in the 21st century. It concludes with a reflection on the relevance of overcoming stereotypes and prejudices and promoting acceptance, social inclusion and respect for people with epilepsy.