Reflexiones sobre la estigmatización de la epilepsia a través de la historia

Epilepsy is a neurological disease, common in the general population, in different age groups, described since ancient times. From ancient civilizations to the contemporary age, this disease has had multiple explanations that include magical-religious interpretations, specifically focusing on demonological nature, to neurophysiological explanations, which recognized the neurological origin of epilepsy. Motor, behavioral, and psychological disturbances are typical in an epilepsy course, giving rise to the stigmatization of this disease and those who develop it. This stigmatization has triggered discrimination and social isolation, reinforcing segregation of these people. The aim of this review was to describe the stigmatization of epilepsy throughout history. The reflection is developed around the neuropsychiatric manifestations of epilepsy, the processes of stigma (enact stigma and felt or internalized stigma), and stigmatization, going through the past and present of these. The results of this reflection confirm processes of social discrimination against people diagnosed with epilepsy has gone through history and are still maintained in the 21st century. It concludes with a reflection on the relevance of overcoming stereotypes and prejudices and promoting acceptance, social inclusion, and respect for people with epilepsy.