Predicción de las enfermedades autoinmunes: mito, realidad y riesgo

Autoimmune diseases are chronic complex multisystem disorders. Their etiology is unknown but genetic, hormonal and environmental factors have been associated. The susceptibility to autoimmune diseases includes the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and others non-related, combined with autoantibodies. The clinical autoimmune disease is preceded by the presence of autoantibodies in serum a long period of time before the onset of clinical manifestations. Together, the presence of autoantibodies as well as the identification of susceptible alleles could be used as predictors of disease onset and clinical outcomes in these patients. Herein, we review the major risk factors that can be used as predictors for autoimmune diseases and their potential clinical and ethical implications as well.