Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus

K.M. Winchell; R.G. Reynolds; S.R. Prado-Irwin; A.R. Puente-Rolón; L.J. Revell

doi:10.1111/evo.12925

Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus

K.M. Winchell, R.G. Reynolds, S.R. Prado-Irwin, A.R. Puente-Rolón, L.J. Revell

Research output: Contribution to journal › Research Article › peer-review

150 Scopus citations

Abstract

Urbanization is an increasingly important dimension of global change, and urban areas likely impose significant natural selection on the species that reside within them. Although many species of plants and animals can survive in urban areas, so far relatively little research has investigated whether such populations have adapted (in an evolutionary sense) to their newfound milieu. Even less of this work has taken place in tropical regions, many of which have experienced dramatic growth and intensification of urbanization in recent decades. In the present study, we focus on the neotropical lizard, Anolis cristatellus. We tested whether lizard ecology and morphology differ between urban and natural areas in three of the most populous municipalities on the island of Puerto Rico. We found that environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and substrate availability differ dramatically between neighboring urban and natural areas. We also found that lizards in urban areas use artificial substrates a large proportion of the time, and that these substrates tend to be broader than substrates in natural forest. Finally, our morphological data showed that lizards in urban areas have longer limbs relative to their body size, as well as more subdigital scales called lamellae, when compared to lizards from nearby forested habitats. This shift in phenotype is exactly in the direction predicted based on habitat differences between our urban and natural study sites, combined with our results on how substrates are being used by lizards in these areas. Findings from a common-garden rearing experiment using individuals from one of our three pairs of populations provide evidence that trait differences between urban and natural sites may be genetically based. Taken together, our data suggest that anoles in urban areas are under significant differential natural selection and may be evolutionarily adapting to their human-modified environments. © 2016, Society for the Study of Evolution..

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1009-1022
Number of pages	14
Journal	Evolution
Volume	70
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12925
State	Published - 2016

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@article{96a112e25fdd41079e819b7e10c2f420,

title = "Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus",

abstract = "Urbanization is an increasingly important dimension of global change, and urban areas likely impose significant natural selection on the species that reside within them. Although many species of plants and animals can survive in urban areas, so far relatively little research has investigated whether such populations have adapted (in an evolutionary sense) to their newfound milieu. Even less of this work has taken place in tropical regions, many of which have experienced dramatic growth and intensification of urbanization in recent decades. In the present study, we focus on the neotropical lizard, Anolis cristatellus. We tested whether lizard ecology and morphology differ between urban and natural areas in three of the most populous municipalities on the island of Puerto Rico. We found that environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and substrate availability differ dramatically between neighboring urban and natural areas. We also found that lizards in urban areas use artificial substrates a large proportion of the time, and that these substrates tend to be broader than substrates in natural forest. Finally, our morphological data showed that lizards in urban areas have longer limbs relative to their body size, as well as more subdigital scales called lamellae, when compared to lizards from nearby forested habitats. This shift in phenotype is exactly in the direction predicted based on habitat differences between our urban and natural study sites, combined with our results on how substrates are being used by lizards in these areas. Findings from a common-garden rearing experiment using individuals from one of our three pairs of populations provide evidence that trait differences between urban and natural sites may be genetically based. Taken together, our data suggest that anoles in urban areas are under significant differential natural selection and may be evolutionarily adapting to their human-modified environments. {\textcopyright} 2016, Society for the Study of Evolution..",

author = "K.M. Winchell and R.G. Reynolds and S.R. Prado-Irwin and A.R. Puente-Rol{\'o}n and L.J. Revell",

note = "Cited By :12 Export Date: 17 April 2018 CODEN: EVOLA Correspondence Address: Winchell, K.M.; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts BostonUnited States; email: [email protected] References: Ackley, J.W., Muelleman, P.J., Carter, R.E., Henderson, R.W., Powell, R., A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica (2009) Appl. Herpetol., 6, pp. 171-184; Angilletta, M.J., (2009) Thermal adaptation: a theoretical and empirical synthesis, , Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY; Angilletta, M.J., Wilson, R.S., Niehaus, A.C., Sears, M.W., Navas, C.A., Ribeiro, P.L., Urban physiology: city ants possess high heat tolerance (2007) PLOS One, 2, p. e258; Arnfield, A.J., Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island (2003) Int. J. Climatol., 23, pp. 1-26; Ashley, M.V., Willson, M.F., Pergams, O.R.W., O'Dowd, D.J., Gende, S.M., Brown, J.S., Evolutionarily enlightened management (2003) Biol. Conserv., 111, pp. 115-123; Bradley, G., Urban forest landscapes: integrating multidisciplinary perspectives (1995) Urban forest landscapes: Integrating multiple forest perspectives, pp. 3-12. , in . G. Bradley, ed. Washington Univ. Press, Seattle, WA; Calsbeek, R., Bonneaud, C., Postcopulatory fertilization bias as a form of cryptic sexual selection (2008) Evolution, 62, pp. 1137-1148; Calsbeek, R., Irschick, D.J., The quick and the dead: correlational selection on morphology, performance, and habitat use in island lizards (2007) Evolution, 61, pp. 2493-2503; Cartmill, M., Climbing (1985) Functional vertebrate morphology, pp. 73-88. , in . M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K .F. Liem, and D. B. Wake, eds. Belknap, Cambridge, MA; Collette, B., Correlations between ecology and morphology in anoline lizards from Havana, Cuba and southern Florida (1961) Bull. Museum Comp. Zool., 125, pp. 35-162; Ditchkoff, S.S., Saalfeld, S.T., Gibson, C.J., Animal behavior in urban ecosystems: modifications due to human induced stress (2006) Urban Ecosyst., 9, pp. 5-12; Du, W.G., Ye, H., Zha, B., Warner, D.A., Shine, R., Thermal acclimation of heart rates in reptilian embryos (2010) PLoS One, 5, pp. 1-7; Eggleston, D.B., Bell, G.W., Amavisca, A.D., Interactive effects of episodic hypoxia and cannibalism on juvenile blue crab mortality (2005) J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol., 325, pp. 18-26; Elstrott, J., Irschick, D.J., Evolutionary correlations among morphology, habitat use and clinging performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards (2004) Biol. J. Linnean Soc., 83, pp. 389-398; Elvidge, C.D., Tuttle, B.T., Sutton, P.C., Baugh, K.E., Howard, A.T., Milesi, C., Bhaduri, B., Nemani, R., Global distribution and density of constructed impervious surfaces (2007) Sensors, 7, pp. 1962-1979; (2011) ArcGIS desktop: Release 10, , http://www.esri.com, Redlands, CA. Available at; Excoffier, L., Lischer, H.E.L., Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows (2010) Mol. Ecol. 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year = "2016",

doi = "10.1111/evo.12925",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "70",

pages = "1009--1022",

journal = "Evolution",

issn = "0014-3820",

publisher = "Society for the Study of Evolution",

number = "5",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus

AU - Winchell, K.M.

AU - Reynolds, R.G.

AU - Prado-Irwin, S.R.

AU - Puente-Rolón, A.R.

AU - Revell, L.J.

N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 17 April 2018 CODEN: EVOLA Correspondence Address: Winchell, K.M.; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts BostonUnited States; email: [email protected] References: Ackley, J.W., Muelleman, P.J., Carter, R.E., Henderson, R.W., Powell, R., A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica (2009) Appl. Herpetol., 6, pp. 171-184; Angilletta, M.J., (2009) Thermal adaptation: a theoretical and empirical synthesis, , Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY; Angilletta, M.J., Wilson, R.S., Niehaus, A.C., Sears, M.W., Navas, C.A., Ribeiro, P.L., Urban physiology: city ants possess high heat tolerance (2007) PLOS One, 2, p. e258; Arnfield, A.J., Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island (2003) Int. J. Climatol., 23, pp. 1-26; Ashley, M.V., Willson, M.F., Pergams, O.R.W., O'Dowd, D.J., Gende, S.M., Brown, J.S., Evolutionarily enlightened management (2003) Biol. Conserv., 111, pp. 115-123; Bradley, G., Urban forest landscapes: integrating multidisciplinary perspectives (1995) Urban forest landscapes: Integrating multiple forest perspectives, pp. 3-12. , in . G. Bradley, ed. Washington Univ. Press, Seattle, WA; Calsbeek, R., Bonneaud, C., Postcopulatory fertilization bias as a form of cryptic sexual selection (2008) Evolution, 62, pp. 1137-1148; Calsbeek, R., Irschick, D.J., The quick and the dead: correlational selection on morphology, performance, and habitat use in island lizards (2007) Evolution, 61, pp. 2493-2503; Cartmill, M., Climbing (1985) Functional vertebrate morphology, pp. 73-88. , in . M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K .F. Liem, and D. B. Wake, eds. Belknap, Cambridge, MA; Collette, B., Correlations between ecology and morphology in anoline lizards from Havana, Cuba and southern Florida (1961) Bull. Museum Comp. Zool., 125, pp. 35-162; Ditchkoff, S.S., Saalfeld, S.T., Gibson, C.J., Animal behavior in urban ecosystems: modifications due to human induced stress (2006) Urban Ecosyst., 9, pp. 5-12; Du, W.G., Ye, H., Zha, B., Warner, D.A., Shine, R., Thermal acclimation of heart rates in reptilian embryos (2010) PLoS One, 5, pp. 1-7; Eggleston, D.B., Bell, G.W., Amavisca, A.D., Interactive effects of episodic hypoxia and cannibalism on juvenile blue crab mortality (2005) J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol., 325, pp. 18-26; Elstrott, J., Irschick, D.J., Evolutionary correlations among morphology, habitat use and clinging performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards (2004) Biol. J. 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PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Urbanization is an increasingly important dimension of global change, and urban areas likely impose significant natural selection on the species that reside within them. Although many species of plants and animals can survive in urban areas, so far relatively little research has investigated whether such populations have adapted (in an evolutionary sense) to their newfound milieu. Even less of this work has taken place in tropical regions, many of which have experienced dramatic growth and intensification of urbanization in recent decades. In the present study, we focus on the neotropical lizard, Anolis cristatellus. We tested whether lizard ecology and morphology differ between urban and natural areas in three of the most populous municipalities on the island of Puerto Rico. We found that environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and substrate availability differ dramatically between neighboring urban and natural areas. We also found that lizards in urban areas use artificial substrates a large proportion of the time, and that these substrates tend to be broader than substrates in natural forest. Finally, our morphological data showed that lizards in urban areas have longer limbs relative to their body size, as well as more subdigital scales called lamellae, when compared to lizards from nearby forested habitats. This shift in phenotype is exactly in the direction predicted based on habitat differences between our urban and natural study sites, combined with our results on how substrates are being used by lizards in these areas. Findings from a common-garden rearing experiment using individuals from one of our three pairs of populations provide evidence that trait differences between urban and natural sites may be genetically based. Taken together, our data suggest that anoles in urban areas are under significant differential natural selection and may be evolutionarily adapting to their human-modified environments. © 2016, Society for the Study of Evolution..

AB - Urbanization is an increasingly important dimension of global change, and urban areas likely impose significant natural selection on the species that reside within them. Although many species of plants and animals can survive in urban areas, so far relatively little research has investigated whether such populations have adapted (in an evolutionary sense) to their newfound milieu. Even less of this work has taken place in tropical regions, many of which have experienced dramatic growth and intensification of urbanization in recent decades. In the present study, we focus on the neotropical lizard, Anolis cristatellus. We tested whether lizard ecology and morphology differ between urban and natural areas in three of the most populous municipalities on the island of Puerto Rico. We found that environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and substrate availability differ dramatically between neighboring urban and natural areas. We also found that lizards in urban areas use artificial substrates a large proportion of the time, and that these substrates tend to be broader than substrates in natural forest. Finally, our morphological data showed that lizards in urban areas have longer limbs relative to their body size, as well as more subdigital scales called lamellae, when compared to lizards from nearby forested habitats. This shift in phenotype is exactly in the direction predicted based on habitat differences between our urban and natural study sites, combined with our results on how substrates are being used by lizards in these areas. Findings from a common-garden rearing experiment using individuals from one of our three pairs of populations provide evidence that trait differences between urban and natural sites may be genetically based. Taken together, our data suggest that anoles in urban areas are under significant differential natural selection and may be evolutionarily adapting to their human-modified environments. © 2016, Society for the Study of Evolution..

U2 - 10.1111/evo.12925

DO - 10.1111/evo.12925

M3 - Research Article

SN - 0014-3820

VL - 70

SP - 1009

EP - 1022

JO - Evolution

JF - Evolution

IS - 5

ER -

Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus

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