TY - JOUR
T1 - Persistence of pentolite (PETN and TNT) in soil microcosms and microbial enrichment cultures
AU - Arbeli, Ziv
AU - Garcia-Bonilla, Erika
AU - Pardo, Cindy
AU - Hidalgo, Kelly
AU - Velásquez, Trigal
AU - Peña, Luis
AU - Ramos C, Eliana
AU - Avila-Arias, Helena
AU - Molano-Gonzalez, Nicolás
AU - Brandão, Pedro F.B.
AU - Roldan, Fabio
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by a grant from INDUMIL (the Colombian Military Industry) and was done under MADS contract No. 151, 2013 and Scientific Research Permit on Biodiversity No. 545 of September 18, 2009, as amended by Resolution No. 450 (15-05-2013). We are grateful to Ira Fogel for his editorial services. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2016/5/1
Y1 - 2016/5/1
N2 - Pentolite is a mixture (1:1) of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and little is known about its fate in the environment. This study was aimed to determine the dissipation of pentolite in soils under laboratory conditions. Microcosm experiments conducted with two soils demonstrated that dissipation rate of PETN was significantly slower than that of TNT. Interestingly, the dissipation of PETN was enhanced by the presence of TNT, while PETN did not enhanced the dissipation of TNT. Pentolite dissipation rate was significantly faster under biostimulation treatment (addition of carbon source) in soil from the artificial wetland, while no such stimulation was observed in soil from detonation field. In addition, the dissipation rate of TNT and PETN in soil from artificial wetland under biostimulation was significantly faster than the equivalent abiotic control, although it seems that non-biological processes might also be important for the dissipation of TNT and PETN. Transformation of PETN was also slower during establishment of enrichment culture using pentolite as the sole nitrogen source. In addition, transformation of these explosives was gradually reduced and practically stopped after the forth cultures transfer (80 days). DGGE analysis of bacterial communities from these cultures indicates that all consortia were dominated by bacteria from the order Burkholderiales and Rhodanobacter. In conclusion, our results suggest that PETN might be more persistent than TNT.
AB - Pentolite is a mixture (1:1) of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and little is known about its fate in the environment. This study was aimed to determine the dissipation of pentolite in soils under laboratory conditions. Microcosm experiments conducted with two soils demonstrated that dissipation rate of PETN was significantly slower than that of TNT. Interestingly, the dissipation of PETN was enhanced by the presence of TNT, while PETN did not enhanced the dissipation of TNT. Pentolite dissipation rate was significantly faster under biostimulation treatment (addition of carbon source) in soil from the artificial wetland, while no such stimulation was observed in soil from detonation field. In addition, the dissipation rate of TNT and PETN in soil from artificial wetland under biostimulation was significantly faster than the equivalent abiotic control, although it seems that non-biological processes might also be important for the dissipation of TNT and PETN. Transformation of PETN was also slower during establishment of enrichment culture using pentolite as the sole nitrogen source. In addition, transformation of these explosives was gradually reduced and practically stopped after the forth cultures transfer (80 days). DGGE analysis of bacterial communities from these cultures indicates that all consortia were dominated by bacteria from the order Burkholderiales and Rhodanobacter. In conclusion, our results suggest that PETN might be more persistent than TNT.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11356-016-6133-3
DO - 10.1007/s11356-016-6133-3
M3 - Research Article
C2 - 26832872
AN - SCOPUS:84964579390
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 23
SP - 9144
EP - 9155
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 9
ER -