Perfil de memoria en niños y adolescentes con Síndrome de Down: una revisión narrativa

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic disorder whose phenotype involves multiple systems. Individuals with DS have intellectual disabilities and neurodevelopmental impairments, primarily those related to learning and memory, due to structural changes and delayed maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this literature review is to analyze the characteristics and development of memory skills in children with DS.
METHODOLOGY: Scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 were reviewed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane-Ovid, and Academic Search Complete. For this review, studies were included that aimed to assess the memory of children and adolescents with DS aged 0–18 years.
RESULTS: Of the 384 articles found, 21 were included. The findings were grouped according to the different types of memory assessed, assigned control groups, adjustment for developmental age, and the tests or scales used for assessment. In 19 of the reviewed studies, impairments in at least one type of memory were reported in DS. Most studies agree that children with DS present a heterogeneous cognitive profile. Likewise, there was significant impairment in working memory, but better performance on visual or nonverbal tasks.
CONCLUSIONS: The review identified that children with DS p