Latent autoimmunity in healthcare workers with natural, vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination have prompted extensive research into the potential of this virus to induce autoimmunity and, in certain cases, contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the presence of latent autoimmunity and their role in the transition to overt autoimmune conditions remain poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of latent autoimmunity among healthcare workers (HCWs) with natural, vaccine-induced, and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study with 50 HCWs to assess the presence of latent rheumatic, thyroid, and phospholipid autoimmunity. Participants comprised HCWs with no previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or those who had undergone natural infection and subsequently received a COVID-19 booster vaccination. Results: The evaluation of 25 autoantibodies associated with latent rheumatic, thyroid, and phospholipid autoimmunity revealed no statistically significant differences among the studied groups. Conclusions: Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, or hybrid immunity against this virus was not associated with the development of new-onset latent autoimmunity.