Del odio al prejuicio: reflexiones sobre la subjetividad y su prueba en los instrumentos penales antidiscriminación

Regarding crimes against equality, through legal and criminological perspectives we argue the vantage point of adopting a bias crime model, understood as the negative characterization and discriminatory selection of the victim in reason of her belonging to a group, in lieu of hate, which implies evidencing the attacker's hostility towards the group the victim belongs to. This will allow criminal law to have better chances at tackling the true causes of discrimination, which take place beyond individual attitudes. This model will also allow the context in which the hierarchical and symbolic uses of violence occur, to be used as a distinctive sign of a prejudiced crime within the safeguards of criminal law.