Factores pronóstico de la disfagia luego de un ataque cerebrovascular: una revisión y búsqueda sistemática

Objective: To identify the prognostic factors in dysphagia after stroke reported in the scientific literature as a result of a search and a systematic review. Materials and methods: The search and systematic review was conducted in PubMed, ebsco and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (bvs). Publications between 2002 and 2012 were reviewed: research with humans, older than 19 years old, studies belonging to the area of health, refereed publications, and references cited in the last 10 years of five systematic reviews were considered. With the obtained articles a database was built in function of the database of origin, type of article, year, country of publication, author and title. The articles were read and selected according to the object of study. Finally, prognostic factors were identified and classified as endogenous or exogenous, and were arranged in a matrix based on the constructs of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (icf). Results: 83 articles were included. Increased production of publications was recorded for 2009 and concentrated in developed countries. Endogenous variables most frequently reported were: aspiration, lesion location and age. Conclusions: There is no consensus on the factors to be taken into account in determining the prognosis of dysphagia after stroke and consequently a greater research effort is required in this area.