Child Labor: Homes, Streets, Armies, Factories, and Stores

The main topic of this chapter is children’s and adolescents’ labor. When working in unprotected and illegal settings, labor activities are described as harmful to their development and a violation of human rights. However, children’s and adolescents’ labor present positive aspects as well, when not affecting their schooling, health, and development. A general overview of child and adolescent labor is described while considering guides and laws established by the International Labor Organization (ILO). Domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and participation in armies are emphasized as sources of invisible or naturalized child labor. The chapter addresses child labor with an emphasis on developing countries. It also highlights the association between child labor and structural problems such as poverty, low education, extended work hours, and violence.