Artificial Intelligence Applied to Neuromotor Rehabilitation Engineering Advances and Challenges

In recent decades, the population of people with disabilities has had an exponential growth due to the increase in pathologies that lead to an impairment in neuromotor functioning, such as stroke, paraplegia, and amputations, among others. Likewise, the advance of technology has driven the implementation of novel systems based on artificial intelligence that allows adequate rehabilitation and a significant improvement in the quality of life of this population. However, the complexity of this type of system generates an open challenge for the scientific community that every day faces the development of new alternatives to improve usability, portability, ease of use, controllability, system performance, costs, and adaptability related to the patient, among others. This chapter addresses the advances and challenges that currently arise in the field of rehabilitation engineering for neuromotor disabilities from the perspective of artificial intelligence and explains how these allow for improving the performance of systems for adequate accessibility of this population to activities of daily living. Finally, it is possible to highlight some solutions and future work that will help benefit people with disabilities, according to the proposed objectives for sustainable development 2030 related to health and welfare.